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	<title>ClearChain &#187; FreeBSD</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.clearchain.com/blog/categories/computers/freebsd/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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	<description>-= Daily Happenings =-</description>
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		<item>
		<title>FreeBSD Sudo Upgrade Gone Wrong, Password No longer working with Sudo 1.7.2p2 / 1.7.2p3, Sudo Broken</title>
		<link>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/freebsd-sudo-upgrade-gone-wrong-password-no-longer-working-with-sudo-1-7-2p2-1-7-2p3-sudo-broken</link>
		<comments>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/freebsd-sudo-upgrade-gone-wrong-password-no-longer-working-with-sudo-1-7-2p2-1-7-2p3-sudo-broken#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Apr 2010 04:09:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Benjamin Close</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[FreeBSD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[password]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sudo]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.clearchain.com/blog/?p=681</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Recently a port audit security advisor was released that indicated an exploit with sudoedit of the security/sudo FreeBSD port. At the time I was running sudo 1.6.9 and being a responsible system administrator, I decided to upgrade sudo to the latest revision of the port (1.7.2p2 at the time). The upgrade went very smoothly, with [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Recently a port audit security advisor was released that indicated an <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/ports/portaudit/018a84d0-2548-11df-b4a3-00e0815b8da8.html">exploit</a> with sudoedit of the <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/ports/security/sudo/">security/sudo</a> <a href="http://www.freebsd.org">FreeBSD</a> port. At the time I was running sudo 1.6.9 and being a responsible system administrator, I decided to upgrade sudo to the latest revision of the port (1.7.2p2 at the time). The upgrade went very smoothly, with portupgrade doing it&#8217;s job quickly and reliably. It wasn&#8217;t until I tried to use sudo for the first time after the upgrade that the problems started.</p>
<p>Initially I tried get a root shell using:</p>
<pre>sudo -s
</pre>
<p>sadly after repeated password prompts I had no luck. Initially I thought I was just getting my password wrong &#8211; something I occasionally do with the amount of passwords I have to remember. However, after repeated attempts I came to the conclusion that something else was wrong.</p>
<p>I looked at the logs to see if they would show anything useful:</p>
<p>﻿</p>
<pre>Apr 14 11:49:28 leo sudo:   benjsc : 1 incorrect password attempt ; TTY=pts/3 ; PWD=/owners/benjsc/home ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/tcsh
Apr 14 11:51:09 leo sudo:   benjsc : 1 incorrect password attempt ; TTY=pts/4 ; PWD=/owners/benjsc/home ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/tcsh
Apr 14 11:58:03 leo sudo:   benjsc : 1 incorrect password attempt ; TTY=pts/4 ; PWD=/owners/benjsc/home ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/tcsh
Apr 14 11:58:16 leo sudo:   benjsc : 1 incorrect password attempt ; TTY=pts/4 ; PWD=/owners/benjsc/home ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/tcsh</pre>
<p>Once again nothing obvious showed up. At this point I started <a href="http://www.google.com/">Googling</a> to try and find the answer. There was a lot of articles about people trying the root password rather than the user password, but I wasn&#8217;t doing that. There was articles about people stuffing up the syntax of the sudoers file (you should use visudo to edit this). However, nothing had changed but the version of sudo. Eventually I found a <a href="http://www.mail-archive.com/freebsd-questions@freebsd.org/msg228360.html">post that solved the issue.</a></p>
<p>It turns out that the latest versions of sudo break pam support. Whilst the article refers to OPIE (One Time Keys), I&#8217;ve since confirmed that this issue affects machines without OPIE setup. Hence for anyone who tries to upgrade sudo to a later version and has problems with their password not being accepted, and the password prompt just continuing to reappear. Then you&#8217;ll need to patch sudo to work.</p>
<p>How, copy and paste the following on the console:</p>
<pre>cd  /usr/ports/security/sudo
make extract
cd work/sudo*
patch &lt;&lt; END
--- auth/pam.c.orig     2010-02-04 10:43:28.635212518 -0600
+++ auth/pam.c  2010-02-04 10:43:34.194558424 -0600
@@ -107,13 +107,6 @@
     }

     /*
-     * Set PAM_RUSER to the invoking user (the "from" user).
-     * We set PAM_RHOST to avoid a bug in Solaris 7 and below.
-     */
-    (void) pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_RUSER, user_name);
-    (void) pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_RHOST, user_host);
-
-    /*
      * Some versions of pam_lastlog have a bug that
      * will cause a crash if PAM_TTY is not set so if
      * there is no tty, set PAM_TTY to the empty string.

END
cd ../..
make build
make deinstall
make install
</pre>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Using Serial Devices in FreeBSD / How to set a terminal baud rate</title>
		<link>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/using-serial-devices-in-freebsd-how-to-set-a-terminal-baud-rate</link>
		<comments>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/using-serial-devices-in-freebsd-how-to-set-a-terminal-baud-rate#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:33:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Benjamin Close</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[FreeBSD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UniSA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[baud rate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[baudrate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ftdi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[serial]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stty]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.clearchain.com/blog/?p=674</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Recently I was working on a php command line program that required access to a serial port. Initially developed under Linux the program was then shifted to it&#8217;s permanent location on a FreeBSD server. This is where we first started having problems. Initially we discovered the server didn&#8217;t have a native serial port. We fixed [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Recently I was working on a php command line program that required access to a serial port.</p>
<p>Initially developed under Linux the program was then shifted to it&#8217;s permanent location on a FreeBSD server. This is where we first started having problems. Initially we discovered the server didn&#8217;t have a native serial port. We fixed this using a USB to serial converter/dongle (FTDI Chipset). This was fine as FreeBSD has the ufdti kernel module. Upon loading the module new devices appears in /dev</p>
<pre>crw-rw----  1 uucp  dialer    0, 157 Oct  6 08:39 /dev/cuaU0
crw-rw----  1 uucp  dialer    0, 158 Oct  6 08:39 /dev/cuaU0.init
crw-rw----  1 uucp  dialer    0, 159 Oct  6 08:39 /dev/cuaU0.lock
crw-rw-rw-  1 root  wheel     0, 154 Jan  8 10:50 /dev/ttyU0
crw-------  1 root  wheel     0, 155 Oct  6 08:39 /dev/ttyU0.init
crw-------  1 root  wheel     0, 156 Oct  6 08:39 /dev/ttyU0.lock</pre>
<p>We attempted to connect to our device using screen (screen /dev/ttyU0 115200) and everything worked as expected. We could send AT commands to the device all ok.<br />
We then stopped screen and ran our php program. It ended up hanging on a fgets call to the serial port. This is really strange we though.<br />
Next we queried the port to find out what baud rate it was set at:</p>
<pre>&gt;stty -f /dev/ttyu0
speed 9600 baud;
lflags: echoe echoke echoctl
oflags: tab0
cflags: cs8 -parenb</pre>
<p>Strange we thought as we&#8217;d just connected with screen at 115200. Under linux we use screen to set the baud rate, all other programs accessing the port use the port at 115200. So what had set it back to 9600 baud?<br />
We tried to use stty to set the speed:</p>
<pre>&gt;stty -f /dev/ttyU0 speed 115200</pre>
<pre>&gt;stty -f /dev/ttyu0
speed 9600 baud;
lflags: echoe echoke echoctl
oflags: tab0
cflags: cs8 -parenb</pre>
<p>What on earth was happening? We set the speed to 115200 but directly quering the port again indicated it was still at 9600 baud? At this point we were perplexed.<br />
Eventually we found the solution. The newer FreeBSD terminal drivers provide the *.init devices, in this case /dev/ttyU0.init . These devices indicate the terminal settings to be applied to the terminal when the device is closed. Whilst Linux leaves the device in the same state the last program put the port into, FreeBSD restores the terminals state to what ever is specified in the init file. So a quick command:</p>
<pre>&gt; stty -f /dev/ttyU0.init -icanon -isig -echo echoe echok echoke echoctl -icrnl -ixany -imaxbel ignpar -opost -onlcr -oxtabs cs8 -parenb -hupcl clocal</pre>
<p>And then to check:</p>
<pre>&gt; stty -f /dev/ttyU0
speed 115200 baud;
lflags: -icanon -isig -echo echoe echok echoke echoctl
iflags: -icrnl -ixany -imaxbel ignpar
oflags: -opost -onlcr -oxtabs
cflags: cs8 -parenb -hupcl clocal</pre>
<p>Excellent. The terminal was now configured exactly how we wanted. We ran the program and it worked like a charm!</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Caldav calendar &amp; icalserver</title>
		<link>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/caldav-calendar-icalserver</link>
		<comments>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/caldav-calendar-icalserver#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2009 07:00:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Benjamin Close</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Computers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FreeBSD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OpenSource]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[caldav]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[calendar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[frontend]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ical]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[javascript]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[web gui]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.clearchain.com/blog/?p=445</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[For quite a while now I&#8217;ve been using Apple&#8217;s ICal server on FreeBSD and Sunbird/Lightning as a front end to the calendar. However, one thing that has always annoyed me was the lack of a web frontend to my calendars. Well today after searching on a completely different topic I found a javascript front end [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignleft" title="Web Calendar" src="http://www.local-guru.net/img/guru/calendar_sc.png" alt="" width="307" height="211" /></p>
<p>For quite a while now I&#8217;ve been using <a href="http://trac.calendarserver.org/">Apple&#8217;s ICal server</a> on <a href="http://www.freebsd.org">FreeBSD</a> and <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/calendar">Sunbird/Lightning</a> as a front end to the calendar. However, one thing that has always annoyed me was the lack of a web frontend to my calendars.</p>
<p>Well today after searching on a completely different topic I found a <a href="http://www.local-guru.net/blog/2009/03/29/javascript-caldav-frontend" class="broken_link">javascript front end to caldav</a>. After only a few minutes setup I had the frontend up and running. Sadly however, It didn&#8217;t play happy with ICalServer. A little debugging of the caldav REPORT request and I had it querying correctly.</p>
<p>Now there was valid data populating the table&#8230; or was it. Looking a little closer there were bugs with the reoccurring events and also with the lastMonday function. <a href="http://clearchain.com/~benjsc/downloads/patches/20090329-javascript-caldav-Frontend.patch">A quick fix</a> (after 20mins finding them) and now the calendar works great!</p>
<p>Best thing about it is I can now have a public caldav calendar which everyone can view whilst being able to update thing directly on my own writable version of the caldav calendar.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Booting FreeBSD from a root zfs pool using a standard MBR and partition table</title>
		<link>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/booting-freebsd-from-a-root-zfs-pool-using-a-standard-mbr-and-partition-table</link>
		<comments>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/booting-freebsd-from-a-root-zfs-pool-using-a-standard-mbr-and-partition-table#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 08 May 2009 03:51:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Benjamin Close</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[FreeBSD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[booting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BTX]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dual boot]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mbr]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[partition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[zfs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[zfsboot]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[zfsldr.S]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[zfsonroot]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[zpool]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.clearchain.com/blog/?p=366</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This page documents the current state of play for booting the root filesystem (/) off a zfs zpool under FreeBSD, using a standard master boot record (MBR) and a standard partition table. The aim was to be able to have a dual boot system for my laptop using the standard FreeBSD quick selection boot loader. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This page documents the current state of play for booting the root filesystem (/) off a zfs zpool under FreeBSD, using a standard master boot record (MBR) and a standard partition table. The aim was to be able to have a dual boot system for my laptop using the standard FreeBSD quick selection boot loader.</p>
<p><span style="color: #0000ff;">Note, this does not cover using the gpt based partition tables. If you want to use these, please refer to the following page: </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><a href="http://lulf.geeknest.org/blog/freebsd/Setting_up_a_zfs-only_system/">http://lulf.geeknest.org/blog/freebsd/Setting_up_a_zfs-only_system/</a> or booting zfs as root using a small ufs boot partition as provided by the instructions at: <a href="http://wiki.freebsd.org/ZFSOnRoot">http://wiki.freebsd.org/ZFSOnRoot.<br />
</a></span></p>
<p>Below is the steps required to be able to setup the root zpool</p>
<ol>
<li>Download a FreeBSD -current fixit cdrom snapshot later than 200901, as these have loader ZFS support</li>
<li>Burn the CD</li>
<li>Boot the CD</li>
<li>Setup any partitions you want &#8211; <span style="color: #ff0000;">note you must setup the &#8216;a&#8217; partition to cover the entire device as the loader will use this.</span></li>
<li>Select Fixit from the menu, and use the CDrom as a source</li>
<li>Create the pool and install the loader (see below)</li>
<li>Copy the required files to boot (see below)</li>
</ol>
<h2>Creating the root zpool and installing the Loader</h2>
<p>The fixit cd has everything required to create a zpool, however by default none of the required modules are loaded. Hence they need to be loaded first:</p>
<pre style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times;"><span style="line-height: 18px; white-space: pre;">cd /mnt2/boot/kernel
<span style="white-space: normal;">kldload ./opensolaris.ko
<span style="white-space: pre;">
kldload ./zfs.ko</span></span></span></span></span></pre>
<p>Once the modules have been loaded all the zfs tools (zpool,zfs,zdb) should now work. Let assume you want to install FreeBSD to /dev/ad4s2 (second partition on a sata disk). You can do this using:</p>
<pre>    zpool create <strong><em>somename</em></strong> /dev/ad4s2</pre>
<p>Where <span style="text-decoration: underline;">somename</span> is the name of the pool you want to create. This creates a single zfs filesystem and a zfs pool of storage. To install the boot loader you need to do:</p>
<pre>    # dd if=/mnt2/boot/zfsboot of=/dev/da0s1 count=1
    # dd if=/mnt2/boot/zfsboot of=/dev/da0s1 skip=1 seek=1024</pre>
<p>The first line installs boot1, the second line installs boot2.  However, boot2 is responsible for loading boot3 (aka the loader &#8211; found in /boot/loader). Hence that must be put in place.</p>
<h2>Copying the required files to boot</h2>
<p>The easiest way to get things to the point where things are ready to boot is to copy all the files from /dist  - the live distribution. Before you do this, you might like to take advantage of zfs and create some subfilesystems so you can snapshot, monitor space, etc.</p>
<p>For instance creating a /usr and /var filesystem is often very handy:</p>
<pre>    #zfs create somename/usr
    #zfs create somename/var</pre>
<p>Now you can copy the base system:</p>
<pre>    cp -a /dist/* /somename</pre>
<p>This will install among other things:</p>
<ul>
<li>/somename/boot/kernel/kernel  - FreeBSD kernel</li>
<li>/somename/boot/kernel/opensolaris.ko &#8211; zfs dependency</li>
<li>/somename/boot/kernel/zfs.ko &#8211; module understanding zpools/zfs</li>
<li>/somename/boot/loader  - the FreeBSD loader<span style="color: #ff0000;"><br />
</span></li>
</ul>
<p>At this point you need to replace the loader with one that understands zfs. You can download the loader from: (To be advise &#8211; see cavet below)<br />
And if you have a usb stick copy it in place using:</p>
<pre>   mount_msdos /dev/da0s1 /mnt
   cp /mnt/loader /somename/boot</pre>
<p>Finally you have to tell FreeBSD where to mount filesystems on a standard boot:</p>
<pre>   zfs set mountpoint=/var somename/var
   zfs set mountpoint=/usr somename/usr</pre>
<p>At this point any command you type will now probably fail indicating it&#8217;s missing some shared library. This is because /usr has now changed. You can get around this by telling the loader where to find valid libraries:</p>
<pre>   export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/mnt2/lib</pre>
<p>Next we need to build the zfs cache. This is used by zfs mount to automatically mount zfs filesystems by /etc/rc.d/zfs at boot time. It&#8217;s also used to determine if a filesystem is local to the system or belongs to an exported pool.</p>
<pre>   mkdir /boot/zfs
   mkdir /somename/boot/zfs
   cd /
   zfs export somename
   zfs import -f somename
   cp /boot/zfs/zfs.cache /somename/boot/zfs/</pre>
<p>Finally we tell the loader where we want to boot from and set the init scripts to automatically start all zfs filesystems:</p>
<pre>    echo 'zfs_enable="YES"' &gt; /somename/etc/rc.conf
    echo 'zfs_load="YES"' &gt; /somename/boot/loader.conf
    echo 'vfs.root.mountfrom="zfs:somename"' &gt;&gt; /somename/boot/loader.conf</pre>
<p>And set the root filesystem to a legacy mountpoint (so zfs mount -a won&#8217;t try and mount an already mounted filesystem)</p>
<pre>     zfs set mountpoint=legacy somename</pre>
<p>At this point you can reboot and things should now boot!<br />
<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>Update: 20090809</strong></em></span></p>
<p>There has been a lot of updates to instructions along the way. There are now official ZFS on Root instructions available using GPT/MBR/other available at: <a href="http://wiki.freebsd.org/RootOnZFS">http://wiki.freebsd.org/RootOnZFS</a></p>
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		<item>
		<title>mythtv on FreeBSD: Setting Up Ports</title>
		<link>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/mythtv-on-freebsd-setting-up-ports</link>
		<comments>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/mythtv-on-freebsd-setting-up-ports#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2009 11:56:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Benjamin Close</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mythtv]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ports]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[subversion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[svn]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.clearchain.com/blog/?p=318</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Step one of getting Mythtv working under FreeBSD involves setting up the required ports. In my toils of setting up Mythtv I&#8217;ve decided to use the development version of MythTV as at the time of writing it hasa lot more features and whilst there is a port of Mythtv 0.18 available, it lacks a lot [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Step one of getting <a href="mythtv on FreeBSD: The beginning">Mythtv working under FreeBSD</a> involves setting up the required ports.</p>
<p>In my toils of setting up Mythtv I&#8217;ve decided to use the development version of MythTV as at the time of writing it hasa lot more features and whilst there is a port of Mythtv 0.18 available, it lacks a lot of the things that will be needed to get MythTV running nicely on FreeBSD.</p>
<p>The first stage in trying to get things running is to install the required ports needed to build the svn version (as of 20090401). I found the following ports were required:</p>
<p>Mythtv has <strong>a lot</strong> of required dependancies:</p>
<ul>
<li>devel/qt4-corelib  (builds most of qt)</li>
<li>x11-servers/xorg-server (build xorg and all required client libs)</li>
<li>x11-drivers/xf86-input-keyboard</li>
<li>x11-drivers/xf86-input-mouse</li>
<li>devel/subversion</li>
<li>print/freetype2</li>
<li>audio/lame</li>
<li>databases/qt4-mysql</li>
<li>comms/lirc</li>
<li>x11/libXvMC</li>
<li>graphics/libGL</li>
<li>graphics/libGLU</li>
<li>x11/qt4-opengl</li>
<li>devel/qt4-qt3support</li>
<li>x11-fonts/xorg-fonts-75dpi</li>
<li>x11-font/font-misc-misc</li>
<li>x11-font/font-alias</li>
</ul>
<p>With the ports installed, we can now try and get Mythtv building.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>mythtv on FreeBSD: The beginning</title>
		<link>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/mythtv-on-freebsd-the-beginning</link>
		<comments>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/mythtv-on-freebsd-the-beginning#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2009 11:50:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Benjamin Close</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mythtv]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cx88]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dvb]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dvb-t]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FreeBSD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[multimedia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[television]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tv]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.clearchain.com/blog/?p=311</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This documents my progress settting up mythtv on FreeBSD.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This article is the first in a series of blog entries which documents my progress getting FreeBSD 7.1-Stable working a both a MythTV backend and frontend. There&#8217;s very little information out there talking about this process, probably as FreeBSD&#8217;s multimedia drivers are not as mature or as abundant as Linux&#8217;s . However there is some information out there alluding to clues that is it possible.  Below is the specs of the computer I&#8217;m using for this setup.</p>
<h2>Hardware</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>CPU: </strong>Core2Duo  E8200  @ 2.66GHz</li>
<li><strong>HDD:</strong><br />
ad0: 114472MB &lt;WDC WD1200JB-00FUA0 15.05R15&gt; at ata0-master UDMA33<br />
ad4: 305245MB &lt;WDC WD3200AAKS-00B3A0 01.03A01&gt; at ata2-master SATA150<br />
ad6: 190782MB &lt;Seagate ST3200822AS 3.01&gt; at ata3-master SATA150<br />
ad7: 190782MB &lt;Seagate ST3200822AS 3.01&gt; at ata3-slave SATA150</li>
<li><strong>Video Card:</strong><br />
NVideo GeForce 7300 LE</li>
<li><strong>Audio:</strong><br />
Intel 82801G (ICH7 Family) High Definition Audio</li>
<li><strong>Capture Cards:</strong></li>
<li>
<ul>
<li>CX2388x TV Capture Chip (DVB-T)</li>
<li>Conexant (Was: Brooktree Corp)<br />
&#8217;7610144D&amp;REV_02\4&amp;1F7DBC9F&amp;0&amp;09F0 TV Video Capture</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>With the hardware set and not likely to change (I refuse to buy hardware due to an O/S not working with what I&#8217;ve got), it was time to try and get things working. Whilst there is a mythtv port, it&#8217;s the old stable release of 0.18. There has been a lot of changes since then. Including the new libmythui library where groovy graphics features are available. I must admit I&#8217;m not coming in to this blind. I&#8217;ve been running mythtv under Linux for quite some time.  Hence I&#8217;m quite aware what needs to be done under Linux to get a working Mythtv setup. Hence I&#8217;ll break this article up into a number of different steps as below. Each one being a different blog entry.. some of these steps are going to take a while to get working!</p>
<ol>
<li>Setting up required ports</li>
<li>Setting up capture cards</li>
<li>Setting up audio</li>
<li>Setting up Xorg</li>
<li>Installing Mythtv</li>
<li>Configuring Mythtv</li>
<li>Tweaking Mythtv</li>
</ol>
<p>For anyone who wishes to follow this drama of getting things working below I provide some links I&#8217;ve found which useful in determining what might be possible. I also provide a little justification as to why I want Mythtv working under FreeBSD.</p>
<h2>Why the Switch?</h2>
<p>After having mythtv successfully running under various versions of ubuntu, I finally reached a point where Linux annoyed me enough to try and get rid of it in favour of FreeBSD. It&#8217;s not that Linux didn&#8217;t work, it&#8217;s just the amount of stuffing around I had to do to get things working was CRAZY! Sure installing mythtv was relatively easy but it&#8217;s all the little things that FreeBSD does so well that Linux doesn&#8217;t that made me want to change. Thinks like power management, cpu throttling, wireless that actually works!</p>
<p>These things are just easier under FreeBSD, there&#8217;s no config, overiding some config, linked to some default, using some crazy symlink farm. There&#8217;s not &#8216;volatile&#8217; kernel modules which must go through crazy loading scripts because they are not GPL compliant. FreeBSD also is much easier to upgrade in place and has the ZFS filesystem. This is the main reason I wanted to switch. I use the same machine as a backup server with 2 disks in raid 1. The ability to daily snapshot at the filesystem level is just soooo nice!</p>
<h2>FreeBSD Mythtv Links</h2>
<p>Below are some links that I found useful when getting mythtv working under FreeBSD.</p>
<ul>
<li>http://mythtv.son.org/tiki-index.php</li>
<li>http://wiki.freebsd.org/MythTV</li>
<li>http://www.lemis.com/grog/HOWTO/mythtv-on-FreeBSD-setup.html</li>
</ul>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<item>
		<title>Solving the qt4 FreeBSD install problem</title>
		<link>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/solving-the-qt4-freebsd-install-problem</link>
		<comments>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/solving-the-qt4-freebsd-install-problem#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2009 03:00:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Benjamin Close</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[FreeBSD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd-g++]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[moc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[qmake]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[qt4]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[qt4-gui]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[qt4-moc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[qt4-rcc]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.clearchain.com/blog/?p=291</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Recently I&#8217;ve been trying to instal Trolltech&#8217;s Qt 4 toolkit on my FreeBSD 7.0 server.  FreeBSD supports qt4 via ports (qt4-gui, qt4-moc, qmake4, etc), hence I&#8217;ve been using the ports system to try and install it. However it kept failing with the error: ===&#62; Configuring for qt4-rcc-4.4.3 /bin/cp /data/usr/ports/devel/qt4-rcc/../../devel/qt4/files/configure /data/usr/ports/devel/qt4-rcc/work/qt-x11-opensource-src-4.4.3/src/tools/rcc/../../../ /usr/bin/sed -i.bak -e 's&#124;target.path.*&#124;target.path=/usr/local/bin&#124;g' /data/usr/ports/devel/qt4-rcc/work/qt-x11-opensource-src-4.4.3/src/tools/rcc/rcc.pro [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Recently I&#8217;ve been trying to instal Trolltech&#8217;s Qt 4 toolkit on my FreeBSD 7.0 server.  FreeBSD supports qt4 via ports (qt4-gui, qt4-moc, qmake4, etc), hence I&#8217;ve been using the ports system to try and install it. However it kept failing with the error:</p>
<pre>===&gt;  Configuring for qt4-rcc-4.4.3
/bin/cp /data/usr/ports/devel/qt4-rcc/../../devel/qt4/files/configure /data/usr/ports/devel/qt4-rcc/work/qt-x11-opensource-src-4.4.3/src/tools/rcc/../../../
/usr/bin/sed -i.bak -e 's|target.path.*|target.path=/usr/local/bin|g'  /data/usr/ports/devel/qt4-rcc/work/qt-x11-opensource-src-4.4.3/src/tools/rcc/rcc.pro
/bin/mkdir -p /data/usr/ports/devel/qt4-rcc/work/qt-x11-opensource-src-4.4.3/src/tools/rcc/../../../mkspecs
/bin/ln -sf /usr/local/bin/qmake-qt4 /data/usr/ports/devel/qt4-rcc/work/qt-x11-opensource-src-4.4.3/src/tools/rcc/../../../bin/qmake

This is the Qt/X11 Open Source Edition.

   The specified system/compiler is not supported:

      /data/usr/ports/devel/qt4-rcc/work/qt-x11-opensource-src-4.4.3/mkspecs/freebsd-g++

   Please see the README file for a complete list.

===&gt;  Script "configure" failed unexpectedly.
Please report the problem to kde@FreeBSD.org [maintainer] and attach the
"/data/usr/ports/devel/qt4-rcc/work/qt-x11-opensource-src-4.4.3/src/tools/rcc/../../..//config.log"
including the output of the failure of your make command. Also, it might be
a good idea to provide an overview of all packages installed on your system
(e.g. an `ls /var/db/pkg`).
*** Error code 1</pre>
<p>After some brief Google searching, I found the issue. It turns out that a long time ago I had been using qt4 with another project I had been working on. With this project I&#8217;d defined:</p>
<pre>setenv QMAKESPEC freebsd-g++
setenv QTDIR /usr/X11R6/</pre>
<p>This was causing the build system to break. The post at:  <a href="http://mail.kde.org/pipermail/kde-freebsd/2008-August/003360.html">http://mail.kde.org/pipermail/kde-freebsd/2008-August/003360.html</a> gave the hint about this.</p>
<p>Once I undefined QMAKESPEC everything worked as expected!</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>FreeBSD VPN</title>
		<link>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/freebsd-vpn-2</link>
		<comments>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/freebsd-vpn-2#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 13 Nov 2008 14:24:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Benjamin Close</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Computers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FreeBSD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[encryption]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pptp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vpn]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.clearchain.com/blog/?p=123</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[FreeBSD VPN This document describes how to setup both the server side and client side for a PPTP connection with MPPE encryption that works for windows, MacOsX and other freebsd boxes. The basic process: - Install &#38; configure pptpserver on the freebsd server - Configure ppp on the freebsd server - Setup the clients 1. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h6><span class="mw-headline">FreeBSD VPN </span></h6>
<p>This document describes how to setup both the server side and client side for a PPTP connection with MPPE encryption that works for windows, MacOsX and other freebsd boxes.</p>
<p>The basic process:</p>
<pre> - Install &amp; configure pptpserver on the freebsd server
 - Configure ppp on the freebsd server
 - Setup the clients</pre>
<h5><span class="editsection"> </span><span class="mw-headline">1. Installing pptpserver </span></h5>
<p>This part is handled really easily as it pptp server exists in the ports collections. Hence all you need to do  is:</p>
<pre> cd /usr/port/net/poptop
 make install</pre>
<p>To configure pptp modify /usr/local/etc/pptp.conf\\ Put the following lines in the file:</p>
<pre> localip 192.168.2.1
 remoteip 192.168.2.56-75

 # Listen on the outside interface only
 listen 130.220.37.202</pre>
<h5><span class="mw-headline">Configure  ppp on the freebsd server </span></h5>
<p>Edit /etc/ppp/ppp.conf and set the  following  target only:</p>
<pre>  pptp:
    set ifaddr 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.56-192.168.1.74 255.255.255.255
   set dns 192.168.0.1
    set nbns 192.168.0.1
   disable pap
   disable utmp
   disable passwdauth
   #enable chap     # MPPE Requirest chap81/MSChapV2
   enable MSChapV2
   enable mppe      # Enable Encrptions
   set log Phase Chat LCP IPCP CCP tun command  # Debugging
   set timeout 0   # Don't drop the connection</pre>
<pre>   #
   # Force 128 bit encryption with a key change every packet
   # MacOSX only works with stateless connections and the are more
   # secure anyway - just less efficient.
   set mppe 128 stateless</pre>
<pre>   # Disable compression - freebsd clients try to use it but it breaks mppe
   disable deflate pred1
   deny deflate pred1
   set server /var/run/pptp_ppp_%d "" 0700
   accept dns              # Enable clients to request dns details
   disable ipv6cp          # Disable ipv6
   enable proxy            # Enable proxying addresses on the local net for clients</pre>
<p>Now modify/create /etc/ppp/ppp.secret and put in it:</p>
<pre> someuser  userpassword  192.168.1.75</pre>
<p>Now &#8216;someuser&#8217; can log in with the password  &#8216;userpassword&#8217; and will get an IP address of 192.168.1.75. If you don&#8217;t  want to specify the ip, just leave the 3rd parameter off that line  of the file.</p>
<h5><span class="mw-headline">Setup Clients </span></h5>
<p>This section details how to setup various clients</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline"> Windows XP </span></h4>
<pre> - Create a new VPN connection
 - Specify host
 - Specify Usename  / password
 - Hit connect</pre>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">FreeBSD </span></h4>
<p>Freebsd works  with MPPE out the box. Simply setup the following in  /etc/ppp.conf</p>
<pre> MYVPN:
   set authname someuser
   set authkey  userpassword
   disable pred1
   enable proxy
   disable ipv6cp
   set timeout 0
   add default HISADDR</pre>
<p>Install pptpclient</p>
<pre>   cd /usr/ports/net/pptpclient
   make install</pre>
<p>Now run it with:  pptp serverip MYVPN\\ ie:</p>
<pre>  pptp  130.220.37.2 MYVPN</pre>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">Mac OsX </span></h4>
<p>Simply configure the GUI tool.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Setting up Sendmail with TLS &amp; Auth support under FreeBSD</title>
		<link>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/setting-up-sendmail-with-tls-auth-support-under-freebsd</link>
		<comments>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/setting-up-sendmail-with-tls-auth-support-under-freebsd#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 13 Nov 2008 13:53:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Benjamin Close</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[FreeBSD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OpenSource]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sasl]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sendmail]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[smtp auth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[smtps]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.clearchain.com/blog/?p=110</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In order to setup a secure mail transport agent (MTA) that helps eliminate some spam and also allows roaming client support, some sort of authentication mechanisim must be added when setting up a MTA. In my case I&#8217;m using FreeBSD 4.9 with sendmail as my MTA. Setting Up Sendmail The first step in setting up [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In order to setup a secure mail transport agent (MTA) that helps eliminate some spam and also allows roaming client support, some sort of authentication mechanisim must be added when setting up a MTA. In my case I&#8217;m using FreeBSD 4.9 with sendmail as my MTA. Setting Up Sendmail</p>
<p><span id="more-110"></span></p>
<p>The first step in setting up TLS/Auth support is to install the required additional libraries. For SSL support (required by TLS) the following ports must be installed:</p>
<ul>
<li> security/cyrus-sasl</li>
<li> security/cyrus-sasl-saslauthd//</li>
</ul>
<p>These must be installed before sendmail is recompiled.</p>
<p>Sendmail in FreeBSD by default is not compiled with TLS/Auth support. In order to allow it to work with these features it must be recompiled. This is actually quite simple as long as the FreeBSD machine has the FreeBSD source collection (aka /usr/src). First you need to edit ///etc/make.conf// (//cp /etc/defaults/make.conf// if it doesn&#8217;t already exist. Edit the file so the following lines exist/are uncommented.</p>
<pre>  # with SASLv2:
  SENDMAIL_CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include -DSASL=2
  SENDMAIL_LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/lib
  SENDMAIL_LDADD=-lsasl2</pre>
<p>Next you need to recompile sendmail. Due to the way sendmail exists in the ports collections you must compile some of the libraries first. The following lines show the procedure for recompiling the libraries and sendmail.</p>
<ol>
<li> Compile the smutil library</li>
</ol>
<pre>  cd /usr/src/lib/libsmutil
  make clean
  make obj
  make</pre>
<ol>
<li> Compile the smlibrary</li>
</ol>
<pre>  cd /usr/src/lib/libsm
  make clean
  make obj
  make</pre>
<ol>
<li> Compile Sendmail</li>
</ol>
<pre>  cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail
  make clean
  make obj
  make
  make install</pre>
<p>At this point sendmail with TLS/Auth support is installed. Now sendmail must be configured to work with these features. Setting Up TLS Support</p>
<p>TLS stands for Transport Layer Security. It&#8217;s a bit like SSL (Socket Layer Security) in that it provides encryption between two points. The difference is that TLS provides it only in the data, SSL provides encryption of the headers as well.</p>
<p>Using TLS is a good idea. It provides encyrption for authentication purposes and also Trusted mail headers. Ie A Mail server can create a TLS connection between itself and another TLS server and this is reported in the mail headers and the mail headers are thus deemed &#8216;accurate&#8217;.</p>
<p>To setup TLS support you need to first generate a public/private key pair for use with the mail server. This is outside the scope of this document. Then you need to setup sendmail with the following options:</p>
<pre>  define(`CERT_DIR', `MAIL_SETTINGS_DIR`'certs')
  define(`confCACERT_PATH', `CERT_DIR')
  define(`confCACERT', `CERT_DIR/CAcert.pem')
  define(`confSERVER_CERT', `CERT_DIR/MYcert.pem')
  define(`confSERVER_KEY', `CERT_DIR/MYkey.pem')
  define(`confCLIENT_CERT', `CERT_DIR/cert.pem')
  define(`confCLIENT_KEY', `CERT_DIR/MYkey.pem')</pre>
<p>You must set both the client and the server key so that incomming mail can be encrypted and so that outgoing mail can be encrypted.</p>
<p>Once you have set this up, restart sendmail and test it (See below) Setting Up Auth Support</p>
<p>In order to use authentication support you must first add a few options to the sendmail configuration file. Authentication is used to allow relaying from domains that are not listed as relay domains provided authentication exists. Ie: as long as the authentication is successful, then the mail server is affectivly an open relay on that connection. This is great for roaming laptop users who want to send mail but are often in a different domain or on dialup.</p>
<p>To set this up add the following to your //sendmail.mc// file:</p>
<pre>  define(`confAUTH_MECHANISMS',`GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN')
  TRUST_AUTH_MECH(`GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN');</pre>
<p>This tells sendmail to support the listed authentication methods. There is also a &#8216;PLAIN&#8217; option but this should be avoided as the password is sent in plain text. Even of TLS/SSL this is not a good idea.</p>
<p>With that option in place you now have to tell sendmail what it is allowed to relay based on authentication. To allow relays to anywhere provided authentication works add the following to the access file.</p>
<pre>  From: * OK
  To: * RELAY</pre>
<p>Make sure that you rebuild the access database (run make) then restart sendmail and authentication should be enabled so test it! Extra Sendmail Configuration Options</p>
<p>It is possible and highly recommended that sendmail be setup to force TLS for authentication purposes. Otherwise sendmail will quite happily accept plain text passwords across an unencrypted data stream. This is just a big security problem. Hence adding the following line to sendmail forces the use to use TLS/SSL before authentication is possible:</p>
<pre>  define(`confAUTH_OPTIONS',`p,y')</pre>
<p><a name="Testing_it_all"></a></p>
<h5><span class="editsection"> </span> <span class="mw-headline">Testing it all </span></h5>
<p>After everything has been setup, it is extreemly important to test that the results are as expected. There are a number of tests you will want to run. These include the following: Test Test Implementation TLS Test</p>
<p>The following shows a telnet to the mail server, type the text in bold and look for the result in italics/bold</p>
<pre>  $ telnet localhost 25
  220 mail.example.net ESMTP Sendmail 8.11.1/8.11.1; Sat, 19 May 2001 08:04:04 -0400
  EHLO localhost
  250-mail.example.net Hello IDENT:jose@[127.0.0.1], pleased to meet you
  250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
  250-EXPN
  250-VERB
  250-8BITMIME
  250-SIZE
  250-DSN
  250-ONEX
  250-ETRN
  250-XUSR
  250-STARTTLS
  250-DELIVERBY
  250 HELP
  Auth Test</pre>
<p>The following shows a telnet to the mail server, type the text in bold and look for the result in italics/bold</p>
<pre>  $ telnet localhost 25
  220 mail.example.net ESMTP Sendmail 8.11.1/8.11.1; Sat, 19 May 2001 08:04:04 -0400
  EHLO localhost
  250-mail.example.net Hello IDENT:jose@[127.0.0.1], pleased to meet you
  250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
  250-EXPN
  250-VERB
  250-8BITMIME
  250-SIZE
  250-DSN
  250-ONEX
  250-ETRN
  250-AUTH DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5
  250-XUSR
  250-STARTTLS
  250-DELIVERBY
  250 HELP</pre>
<p>You might find that the authentication methods supported don&#8217;t match what you selected. This is due to various libraries not supporting those methods of authentication.</p>
<p><a name="Open_Relay_Test"></a></p>
<h4><span class="editsection"> </span><span class="mw-headline"> Open Relay Test </span></h4>
<p><a class="external free" title="http://www.relaycheck.com" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.relaycheck.com/">http://www.relaycheck.com</a> telnet relay-test.mail-abuse.org Authentication Test On the system it should work Off the system it should require authentication</p>
<pre>  telnet server 25
  helo server
  mail from: user@server
  rcpt to: someotheruser@someotherserver</pre>
<p>This should complain about relaying being denied without authorisation if not on the local machine</p>
<p><a name="Authentication_Test"></a></p>
<h4><span class="editsection"> </span> <span class="mw-headline">Authentication Test </span></h4>
<p>With SSL &amp; Authentications Enabled You should be able to email anywhere.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>iwn</title>
		<link>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/iwn</link>
		<comments>http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/iwn#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 08 Nov 2008 01:21:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Benjamin Close</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[FreeBSD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wireless]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[802.11]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hardware]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[intel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WPA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.clearchain.com/blog/?p=85</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Last Updated: 20080521054508 This page documents the current state of the IWN driver for FreeBSD, the driver supports the Intel 4965AGN Wireless Card, often found in Intel Centrino based laptops. If your looking for the driver for the 3945 chipset check out the wpi page. Note: A majorly updated version of the iwn driver has [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="border: 1px solid #ffcc33; width: 50%; margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: center; background-color: #ffff99;">
<p><strong>Last Updated:</strong> 20080521054508</div>
<p>This page documents the current state of the IWN driver for <a title="FreeBSD" href="http://www.clearchain.com/blog/categories/computer/freebsd">FreeBSD</a>, the driver supports the Intel 4965AGN Wireless Card, often found in Intel Centrino based laptops. <em>If your looking for the driver for the 3945 chipset check out the <a title="Wpi" href="http://www.clearchain.com/blog/posts/wpi">wpi</a> page.</em></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Note: A majorly updated version of the iwn driver has been committed to FreeBSD -Current (aka 8.0). This version is greatly advanced over the perforce version. If you intend to try the perforce version under 7.0 please make sure you are running 7.0-STABLE not 7.0-RELEASE<br />
</strong></span></span></p>
<p>An up to date commentary on what I&#8217;m working on can often be found in my <a title="Blog" href="http://www.clearchain.com/blog/">blog</a> and this is a <a class="external text" title="http://www.mediawiki.org" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mediawiki.org/">wiki</a> page so you can check the page history for what has changed</p>
<p>Details on how to help debug the driver are in README file that&#8217;s in the download package.</p>
<p>For those of you wanting to try the perforce version of the driver, the script <a title="P4fetch.rb" href="http://www.clearchain.com/~benjsc/downloads/FreeBSD/P4fetch.rb">P4fetch.rb</a> will help you easily obtain the files. The script was provided by Tom Evans.</p>
<h1><span class="mw-headline"> History </span></h1>
<ul>
<li> <strong>Iwn Committed to FreeBSD -Current (aka 8.0)</strong></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li> Perforce Version (Not yet tarballed &#8211; available <a class="external text" title="http://perforce.freebsd.org/depotTreeBrowser.cgi?FSPC=//depot/user/benjsc/iwn" rel="nofollow" href="http://perforce.freebsd.org/depotTreeBrowser.cgi?FSPC=//depot/user/benjsc/iwn">here</a>)
<ul>
<li> Initial OpenBSD Import</li>
<li> Many locking additions</li>
<li> Lots of changes to get things working. At present, the card will talk with an unencrypted access point, pass packets but stops passing packets after a while.</li>
<li> Major overhaul by Sam Leffler</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li> Perforce (VAP Branch)
<ul>
<li> Major changes to support vap</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h1><span class="mw-headline"> Installation/Testing Instructions </span></h1>
<p>At present installation of the driver is very much hands on.</p>
<p>To install the driver:</p>
<ul>
<li> Download from p4 using the scribe above</li>
<li> Read the README file</li>
</ul>
<h1><span class="mw-headline"> FAQ / Build Issues </span></h1>
<ul>
<li> No common FAQ&#8217;s as yet.</li>
</ul>
<h1><span class="mw-headline"> Outstanding issues </span></h1>
<ul>
<li> Background scanning doesn&#8217;t yet exist.</li>
</ul>
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